二
考点二、科普常识
（2010·湖北省黄冈市，二，15）阅读下面短文，从短文后所给的四个选项中，选出可填入空白处的最佳选项。
More than 3,000 languages are spoken in the world.Of all these languages,English is _46_used.When it is used ,the English language has also _47_many new words from other languages.For example ,Americans borrowed “cookbook”from _48_.They also borrowed “tofu”and “knowtow”from Chinese.
As we know,there are _49_between western culture and Chinese culture.We can learn about those by comparing how certain words are used.For example , “you are a lucky dog”_50_you are a lucky person. _51_ a person who is ill,they say, “sick as a dog”.On _52_hand,Chinese people love cats very much .But in western culture, “cat ’is sometimes used to describe a woman _53_is cruel.The rose is _54_a symbol of love in both China and some western countries.People think the rose _55_love,peace ,courage and friendship.
China, a country _56_the largest population in the world ,has encouraged more people to learn English._57_the 1990s,English learning has been very _ 58_with Chinese people .Many of them have done well in English and have made great progress in _59_it.
Now ,students are required to learn English,and the study of English is regarded as a very important industry in _60_om the rest of the world .The English language has played an important part in our lives.
46.A.more widely B.widely C.the most widely D.wide
47.A.taken back B.taken in C.taken off D.taken out
48.A.German B.Germany C.Germen D.Germans
49.A.difference B.differences C.different D.difficulty
50.A.to mean B.meant C.means D.meaning
51.A.Describe B.TO describe C.Described 21世纪教育网 D.Description
52.Aother B.the other C.another D.the others
53.A.which B.whom C.whose D.that
54.A.supposed B.supplied C.considered D.regarded
55.A.stands for B.stands by C.stood for D.stood up
56.A.have B.which has C.that have D.is
57.A.In B.For C.By D.Since
58.A.interested B.fond C.popular D.tired
59.A.spoken B.speak C.speaking D.spoke
60.A.as well as B.as well C.also D.so well as
【答案】CBABC BBDCC BDCCA
(2010.湖南长沙 第二节 完形填空) 通读下面的短文，掌握其大意，然后从用给的A、B、C三个选项中选出一个最佳答案。（共10小题计10分）
Sports play an _31_part in our life.All over the world ,people enjoy sports.Wherever you are ,you can _32_ different kinds of sports or games.Some sports or games can go back to thousand of _33_,like running and jumping.Chinese Kung fu,for example,has a very long history._34_basketball and volleyball are new.Neither has a history of a hundred years.People are inventing new sports or games all the time.
Sports help people keep healthy and happy and live _35_.Lots of people take part in sports and play games.But some people like to watch _36_do sports.In order to watch the games,some people _37_tickets or turn on their TVs at home.They don’t go to bed until the games are _38_.When their player gets the first or their team wins,they often _39_very excited.
When the seasons change,sports change will them.In seasons ,people play different games.For example ,swimming is fun in warm weather just like in summer,but skating or skiing （滑雪）is popular in____40____.
31.A.different B.important C.strange
32.A.watch B.look like C.look at
33.A.seconds B.minutes C.years
34.A.But B.Or C.So
35.A.longer B.harder C.worse
36.A.the other B.others C.other
37.A.buy B.lend C.show
38.A.away B.on C.over21世纪教育网
39.A.smell B.get C.taste
40.A.spring B.autumn C.winter
【答案】BACAA BACBC
（2010·江苏省扬州市，二，15）阅读下列短文，从文后各题所给的四个选项中选出一个最佳答案。
I was cute,active,happy…until that day when I was 15 months old.I had a bad fall.I_16_on a glass rabbit and it cut my eye badly enough to blind it.The doctor said that if the eye was taken out,my face would become out of _17_,so my scarred（有疤痕的）,blind and grey eye lived on with me.
People often asked uncomfortable questions about my eye or_18_played jokes on me.When the kids played games,I was always the “_19_guy.”I _20_imagining that everyone looked down on me.
Yet every time Mom noticed I was unhappy,she would say to me, “Hold your head up high and face the world.”It helped me move on in life.
As a child ,I thought Mom meant, “Be careful or you will fall down or knock into something _21_you are not looking .”As a teenager ,I always looked down to hide my shame（自卑）,but I found that people _22_me when sometimes I held my head up hign.
In high school I was even made monitor,but _23_I still felt like a freak（怪物） ,All I really wanted was to look like _24_.When things got really bad,I would to my mom and she _25_look at me with loving eyes and say, “Hold your head up high and face the world .Let them see the _26_that is inside.”That is _27_Mom taught me pride.
Mon’s love and encouragement gave me the confidence to remove my own doubt._28_I was able to look people in the eye.I learned not only to appreciate（欣赏）myself but to have deep love for others.
“Hold your head up high”has been _29_many times in my home.Each of my children has felt its _30_.The gift she gave me lives on in my children.
16.A.moved B.tried C.appeared D.landed
17.A.place B.order C.shape D.sight
18.A.still B.even C.almost D.hardly
19.A.bad B.good C.kind D.rude
20.A.dressed up B.stoop up C.grew up D.brought up
21.A.though B.but C.because D.so
22.helped B.liked C.enjoyed 21世纪教育网 D.hated
23.indoors B.outdoors C.inside D.outside
24.A.someone B.everyone C.someone else D.everyone else
25.A.would B.should C.could D.might
26.A.beauty B.heart C.mind D.love
27.A.then B.why C.where D.how
28.A.Normally B.Immediately C.Finally D.Suddenly
29.A.shouted B.heard C.broadcast D.discussed
30.A.power B.promise C.energy D.secret
【答案】DBBAD CBDDA DDCBA
（2010四川省成都市 六、完形填空。B计 10分）
In some countries in Europe,such as , and ,the countryside is changing.
_56_has become different for many villages,and some villages are even_57_.There are many reasons for this.Firstly,young people _58_villages come to live in big _59_and they don’t return.Secondly,people move to big cities to_60_,because there are very few jobs in the countryside.Some villages still_61_because people from big cities have bought a “second house”in the _62_,where they come and stay at weekends.The price of the houses in the villages_63_and the local people can’t afford to buy a house there.Another problem is t hat it’s more and more _64_for farmers to live in the countryside.So they sell their _65_and find another job.
56.A.Life B.Weather C.Everything
57.A.the same B.richer C.disappearing
58.A.around B.from C.to
59.A.houses B.cities C.countries
60.A.find jobs B.spend holidays C.relax themselves
61.A.remain B.increase C.disappear
62.A.towns B.cities C.villages
63.A.goes up B.goes down C.stops rising21世纪教育网
64.A.interesting B.common C.difficult
65.A.products B.land C.furniture
【答案】ACABA ACACB
（2010·山西省，Ⅲ.，15）阅读下面短文，掌握其大意，然后从每小题所给的A、B、C三个选项中，选出一个最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。
The students in Shanghai No.3 Girls High School have a flower-arrangement (插花)lesson every week. The course is the 31 of its kind among middle schools in
Shanghai. It’s a new start. It helps the students to enjoy the 32 of flowers better. That’s 33 the course has become very popular among the students.
The teachers of the course are all 34 trained. They are good at this art and work hard at passing on the skill 35 students.So far ,many stuendts in the school lot of prizes in this field. In order to further 37 the stuents’ skill , the teachers usually play 35while stuents are arraging flowers .Stuendts 38 the music ,then they 39 more good ideas for flower-arrangement.
Besids ,the teachers 40 teach the stuents other skills at the same time ,for example ,they ask the students 41 compositions about flower . In the way , students not only get art education but also improve 42 writing skills .
Several months ago , some foreigners 43 visited the school .When they saw common flowers become more 44 and meaningful ,they got amazed and intereted. They made 45 and would play them for their own studentd after they returned home.
( ) 31. A . first B second C. last.
( ) 32 . A. color B .beauty C. smell
( ) 33. A how B . when C. why
( ) 34 . A .clearly B .specially C. politely
( ) 35. A. with B .for C. to
( ) 36 . A. win B . won 21世纪教育网 C. have won
( ) 37 . A .drop B .decide C. develop
( ) 38 . A. music B .games C jokes
( ) 39 . A. are angry with B . are pleased with C. are afraid of
( ) 40. A. come up with B . run out of C. hold on to
( ) 41 . A. always B .never C. hardly
( ) 42 . A .write B . writing C. to write
( ) 43. A .their B .your C. our
( ) 44 . A. ugly B .lively C. lonely
( ) 45. A. plans B . notes C. videos
【答案】ABCBC CCABA ACABC
(2010 .河北省卷,Ⅵ.完形填空 ,计 10 分）
Homesick is a compound (复合的) word made up of HOME and SICK. You know what each
46 means on its own, of course. But do you know the meaning 47 they are used together? The definition (定义) of homesick is SICK FOR HOME. It means you miss your home.
Now think for a minute 48 SEASICK. If you change the word HOME in the definition
to the word SEA, would the definition 49 SEASICK? Does seasick mean ?
It means something quite 50 . Seasick means SICK BY THE MOVEMENT ON THE SEA. When you are 51 , the only place you want to be is at home. When you are seasick, 52 you want to be is at sea.
Have you ever person being heartsick? Heartsick doesn’t mean that something is wrong with a person’s heart. People are heartsick when they are 54 deep inside as if (好像) their hearts are broken.
And we also have other compound words, such as handshake and 55 . Perhaps you may write definitions for them. It must be helpful to know something like this in your English study.
46. A. word B. phrase C. sentence D. passage
47. A. how B. why C. when D. where
48. A. for B. from C. about D. like
49. A. get B. fit C. read D. have
50. A. right B. wrong C. same D. different21世纪教育网
51. A. homesick B. heartsick C. seasick D. carsick
52. A. the first place B. the last place C. the only place D. the safe place
53. A. thought over B. thought out C. heard from D. heard of
54. A. hurt B. hit C. loved D. moved
55. A. hobby B. height C. heaven D. handbag
【答案】46-50 ABCBD 51-55ACDDD
(2010.江苏省盐城市,二、完形填空 计15分）
阅读下列短文，掌握其大意，然后从各题所给的四个选项中选出一个最佳答案。
Red is the color of China.Among all the _16_,red id most easily seen.The color red is fresh and pure,_17_in China we call it China Red.Chinese people are attracted by the color red not only because it makes people excited,but also because it has _18_meaning in Chinese culture and history.
No country in the world has ever _19_a color in such a way as China.Here,red is a symbol.It gives color to the soul（灵魂）of the nation.In the past,red represented dignity（尊严）and mystery.Even now .Chinese people _2_the color much more than we do.It can be said that “China Red ”is an everlasting theme for China,and an_21_color for the Chinese people “China Red ”has _22_ a very popular word,attracting the world’s attention.
Finding red-colored things in is very _23_,as you can see the color everywhere.All traditional red things have been playing special_24_in ,the walls of ancient palaces,the _25_flag,Chinese knots,lanterns,traditional paper –cuts,and even red tauhulu.
Red is the color of the _26_,health,harmony,happiness,peace,richness and so on.Only real things and events can fully-27_and explain its beauty.The color can be-28_and meaningful only when it’s connected with people.
In ,red is more than just a color.It carries the ancient history and -29_of the Chinese nation.China Red is _30_with mysterious charm beyond description and it is right here in waiting for you to feel,to discover!
16.A.colors B.news C.papers D.paints
17.A.but B.or C.and D.while
18.A.poor B.rich C.simple D.correct
19.A.used B.shared C.drawn D.affected
20.A.need B.dislike C.hate D.love21世纪教育网
21.A.interesting B.expensive C.easy-going D.important
22.A.spoken B.said C.become D.got
23.A.hard B.easy C.sudden D.warm
24.A.roles B.games C.cards D.places
25.A.national B.international C.local D.foreign
26.A.rainbow B.fear C.worry D.luck
27.A.believe B.show C.talk D.write
28.Alarge B.quiet C.alive D.peaceful
29.A.art B.culture C.business D.ability
30.A.pleased B.crowded C.filled D.satisfied
【答案】16~~20ACBAD 21~~25DCBAA 26~~30DBCBC
（2010.四川省自贡市 第二节 完形填空B，满分 10分）
Traveling is fun because you can see how people in other parts of the world live.One thing travelers don’t often think about before _46_is how other cultures bathe.And bathrooms in many countries may be _47_from the kind you are used to.
In the United States,most people take a_48_once a day in the morning.The showerhead is usually mounted （镶嵌）on the _49_and cannot be moved.The bather slimpy_50_under the water,gets wet,scrubs (擦洗)with soap and often w washcloth,and then rinses（冲洗）off.
_51_often take a bath each night and enjoy playing with small toys such as boats and rubber ducks.Many adults,especially women,enjoy a soothing（让人宽心的）bath_52_rid of stress at the end of the day.
_53_is important to remember that when you take a shower or bath in the United States,you should be careful to keep the water inside the bathtub or shower.Unlike bathrooms in many countries,there is no drain（排水管）in the floor. _54_water gets on the floor,it cannot go anywhere and must be _55_up with a towel or mop（拖把）.It can also cause problems for the floor.So be careful.
46.A.to travel B.traveling C.traveled
47.A.different B.same C.similar
48.A.shower B.rest C.sleep
49.A.floor B.bath C.wall21世纪教育网
50.A.runs B.stands C.lies
51.A.Adults B.Old people C.Children
52.gets B.to get C.getting
53.A.It B.This C.That
54.A.Since B.If C.While
55.A.cleaned B.to clean C.cleaning
【答案】46-50 BAACB 51-55CBABA
（2010江苏省南京市,二、完形填空 ，满分10分）
If we take a close look at successful language learners ,we may discover a few techniques （技巧）which make language learning easier for them.
_16_,successful language learners are independent learners.They do not depend on （依赖）books or teachers;they _17_their own way to learn the language.They try to find the patterns and the reles for themselves -18_waiting for the teacher to explain everything .They are good guessers who look for clues and form their _19_conclusions which are very different from others’.
Successful language learning is _20_learning .Therefore.successful learners do not wait for a chance to use the language;they _21_such a chance.They find people who speak the language and ask these people to correct them _22_they make mistakes.They will try anything to communicate.When communication is difficult,they can_23_ information that is incompleate （不完整的）It is more important for them to learn to _24_in the language than to know the meaning of every word.
Finally,successful language learners are learners with a _25_in order to communicate with these people and learn from them.They want to learn a language because they are interested in the language and the people who speak it.It is necessary for them to learn the language.
16.A.As usual B.First of all C.By the way D.So far
17.A.explain B.make C.discover D.change
18.A.instead of B.after C.because of D.from
19.A.correct B.own C.only D.main
20.A.ideal B.informal C.early D.active
21.A.look for B.care about C.work out 21世纪教育网 D.write down
22.A.until B.whether C.before D.when
23.A.break B.check C.download D.accept
24.A.agree B.ask C.think D.read
25.A.purpose B.certificate C.guide D.question
【答案】16-20 BCABD 21-25 ADDCA
(2010山东省潍坊市 三、完形填空 ，满分10分）
阅读下面短文，掌握其大意，然后从ABCD四个选项中选出最佳选项。
A 14-year-old boy from the was described as a hero yesterday after he saved the life of a woman in another country.
Dean Bluey from ,was a school boy who has much _31_in computer.One day ,he_32_an email to a friend on the Internet.Suddenly he received a message saying “Help! Pain!Help ”The message was from Finland._33_kilometers away from .
“I didn’t know _34_I should do,”Dean said to a reporter afterwards. “It was really difficult to tell if the message was real.”So Dean did nothing at first._35_the message kept coming.
“By then it was easy to see that someone was in trouble,”Dean explained.He _36_and discovered that the sender was a student called Tarja,who was alone in a university library.She was ill.What was _37_,there was no phone around her.Her only way of communicating with the world was by email.Dean got in touch_38_the police immediately.And they realized that the situation was quite serious.They called the police in Finland.Then an ambulance rushed to the library._39_,she was still alive and was sent to the hospital quickly.
“I’m glad she’s OK,”Dear,said. “It’s hard to believe ,_4_saved her life.”
31.A.interest B.interested C.interesting D.interests
32.A.sent B.sends C.was sending D.is sending
33.A.thousand B.thousandc C.thousands D.thousands of
34.A.how B.what C.where D.when
35.A.So B.And C.But D.As
36.A.telephoned B.replied C.found D.talked
37.A.better B.worse C.harder D.easier
38.A.with B.on C.to 21世纪教育网 D.at
39.A.Hardly B.Happily C.Luckily D.Carefully
40.A.a boy B.doctors C.the police D.email
【答案】31-35 ACDBC 36-40BBACD
(2010年上海市C选择最恰当的单词或词语完成短文7 分）
Every day cars kill or hurt many people on roads.Sometimes the drivers drive too fast or do not,drive carefully enough.Some of them_85_the traffic rules and cause accidents.
According to some researches,it is usually the pedestrians（行人）who cause the accidents.A lot of road users are very careless.They walk or run across the roads _86_the cars.They walk in the roads but not on the walkways.They get into or out of cars in the middle of the road.Some do not take the trouble to_87_the green lights and simply cross the roads against the red lights.
Many people think accidents often happen in busy roads in large cities,but this is not always true._88_.Tokyo is one of the world’s largest cities and probably one of the busiest cities;however ,there are _89_accidents to pedestrians.The reason is that the police there are very strict and the pedestrians are very careful.Pedestrians never cross against a red light and they _90_follow traffic rules.
Do you know alcohol（酒精）is another main cause of traffic accidents?It delays people’s response.Those who have drunk alcohol are _91_in making decisions.They need a few more seconds to react（反应）.Alcohol drinking is especially dangerous for motor car drivers.It is not only drivers who may have accidents after drinking.drunken pedestrians may put their lives in danger as well.
85.A.make B.break C.follow D.remember
86.A.at the end of B.in the centre of C.on top of D.in front of
87.A.turn on B.worry about C.wait for D.point out
88.A.In addition B.For example C.By the way D.On the other hand
89.A.few B.many C.enough D.some
90.A.even B.never C.almost D.always
91.A.slow B.active C.interested 21世纪教育网 D.excited
答案：BDCBADA
（2010·广西省定西市，六，10）完形填空
Of all the things we eat and drink，water is the 1 important.The human body can go 2 food for a long time，but two 3 three days without water could make people 4 .
A lot of people don’t understand how 5 water the human body needs 6 well and many people don’t drink enough，esecially in 7 weather. Most people drink 8 they are thirsty but in fact they need more water，expecially when they take 9 .
A man’s body is 65 to 75 percent of 10 . If we don’t have enough water. We fell tired and may become ill.
( )1.A.more B.most C.less D.least
( )2.A.with B.on C.without D.by
( )3.A.or B.and C.of D.but
( )4.A.died B.to die C.dies D.die
( )5.A.many B.little C.few D.much
( )6.A.work B.working C.to work D.works
( )7.A.hot B.cold C.cool D.warm
( )8.A.so B.that C.when D.since
( )9.A.fun B.exercise C.exercises D.work
( )10.A.blood B.water C.air D.food
【答案】1 ~ 5 BCADD 6 ~ 10 CACBB
（2010四川达州 第二节 完形填空 计15分）
先通读下面的短文，掌握其大意，然后从后面各题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出可以填入相应空白处的最佳答案。
(A)
It is very 31 for us to stay in good health. We must have good eating and sleeping habits in life. Eating more fruit and vegetables 32 good for us .We are supposed to 33 at least 8 hours a day and take part in the healthy activities as 34 as possible, for example, climbing mountains, running in the morning or swimming. It is necessary to keep 35 and get on well with the people around us.
31. A. important B. unnecessary C. impossible D. importance
32. A. are B. am C. be D. is
33. A. asleep B. sleepy C. sleep D. slept
34. A. much B. many C. little D. few
35. A. happiness B. unhappy C. happy D. happily21世纪教育网
【答案】31-35 ADCBC
（B）
Life in 30 years will be 36 because many changes will take place, but what will the changes be?
The population is growing fast. There will be 37 people in the world and most of them will live longer than before. Computers will be 38 smaller and more useful, and there will be at least one in every home. And computer studies will be one of the important school.
People will work fewer hours than they are doing now, and they will have more free time for sports, watching TV and traveling. Traveling will be much cheaper and 40 . And many more people will go to other countries 41 holidays.
There will be changes in our food, too. More land will be used for 42 new towns and houses. Then there will be less 43 for cows and sheep, so meat will be more expensive. Maybe people won’t eat it every day, they will eat more vegetables and fruit instead. Maybe people will be healthier.
Work in the future will be different, too. Dangerous and hard work will 44 by robots. Because of this, many people will not have 45 to do. This will be a problem.
36. A. same B. difference C. different D. difficulty
37. A. little and little B. less and less C. many and many D. more and more
38. A. much B. many C. more D. most
39. A. subject B. subjects C. way D. games
40. A. easily B. more easily C. easy D. easier21世纪教育网
41. A. for B. with C. at D. in
42. A. build B. building C. to build D. builds
43. A. rooms B. room C. spaces D. sea
44. A. done B. do C. be done D. be did
45. A. works enough B. enough works C. work enough D. enough work
【答案】36-40 CDABD 41-45 ABBCD
（2010·湖北省宜昌市，VI，15）
Some students cheat(作弊) because they’re busy or lazy and they want to get good grades without (41) the time studying. Other students might feel that they can’t (42) the test without cheating. Even when there seems to be a “good reason” for cheating, it isn’t a good (43).
A student who thinks cheating is the only way to pass a test (44) to talk with the teacher and his or her parents so they can find some better ways together. Talking about these problems and (45) them out will help feel better than cheating.
If a student gets (46) cheating, the teacher may give a “(47)” on the test, send him or her to the head teacher’s (48), and call his or her parents. Worse than the (49) grade may be the feeling of having disappointed those people, (50) parents and teachers. A parent may worry that you are not an (51) person and a teacher might watch you more (52) the next time you’re taking a test.
There are plenty of reasons why a kid shouldn’t cheat, but some students have already cheated. If that’s you, it’s (53) too late to stop cheating. Cheating can become a (54), but a student is always able to act better and make better (55). It might help to talk the problem over with a parent, teacher, or friend.
41. A. taking B. spending C. costing D. using
42. A. write B. exercise C. pass D. expect
43. A. idea B. purpose C. custom D. conclusion
44. A. decides B. hopes C. refuses D. needs
45. A. breaking B. dreaming C. missing D. working
46. A. caught B. offered C. appeared D. suggested
47. A. prize B. result 21世纪教育网 C. zero D. treat
48. A. office B. school C. seat D. conversation
49. A. natural B. dangerous C. anxious D. bad
50. A. and B. besides C. like D. among
51. A. outside B. advantageous C. interesting D. honest
52. A. closely B. bravely C. certainly D. hardly
53. A. always B. never C. once D. neither
54. A. menu B. medicine C. habit D. match
55. A. education B. decisions C. challenges D. risks
【答案】41~45 BCADD 46~50 ACADC 51~55 DABCB