定语从句专题复习
定语从句（Attributive Clauses）在句中做定语，修饰一个名词或代词，被修饰的名词，词组或代词即先行词。定语从句通常出现在先行词之后，由关系词（关系代词或关系副词）引出。
关系代词有：who, whom, whose(一般指人), that（指人或物）, which(指物)等。
关系副词有： when（时间）, where(地点), why（原因）等。
（1）关系代词引导的定语从句
关系代词所代替的先行词是人或物的名词或代词，并在句中充当主语、宾语、定语等成分。关系代词在定语从句中作主语时，从句谓语动词的人称和数要和先行词保持一致。
① who, whom, that
这些词代替的先行词是人的名词或代词，在从句中所起作用如下：
Is he the man who/that wants to see you?
他就是你想见的人吗？（who / that在从句中作主语）
He is the man (whom/ that) I saw yesterday.
他就是我昨天见的那个人。（whom/who/that在从句中作saw的宾语,可以省略）
② whose 用来指人或物，（只用作定语，若指物，它还可以同of which互换），例如：
They rushed over to help the man whose car had broken down.
那人车坏了，大家都跑过去帮忙。
Please pass me the book whose/of which cover（封面）is green.
请递给我那本绿皮的书。
③ which, that
它们所代替的先行词是事物的名词或代词，在从句中可作主语、宾语等，例如：
likes music that/which is quite and gentle.（which / that在句中作宾语）
This is the book (that/which) I'm looking for.（which / that在句中作look for的宾语）
（2）关系副词引导的定语从句
关系副词可代替的先行词是时间、地点或理由的名词，在从句中作状语。
① when, where, why
关系副词when, where, why的含义相当于“介词+ which”结构，因此常常和“介词+ which”结构交替使用，例如：
Do you remember the day when I saw you?(你还记得我见到你的那一天吗？)
Beijing is the place where（in which）I was born. 北京是我的出生地。
Is this the reason why（for which）he refused our offer?
这就是他拒绝我们帮助他的理由吗？
② that代替关系副词
that可以用于表示时间、地点、方式、理由的名词后取代when, where, why和“介词+ which”引导的定语从句，在口语中that常被省略，例如：
His father died the year（that / when / in which）he was born.
他父亲在他出生那年逝世了。
He is unlikely to find the place（that / where / in which）he lived forty years ago.
他不大可能找到他四十年前居住过的地方。
（3）判断关系代词与关系副词
方法一： 用关系代词，还是关系副词完全取决于从句中的谓语动词。及物动词后面无宾语，就必须要求用关系代词；而不及物动词则要求用关系副词。例如：
This is the mountain village where I stayed last year.
I’ll never forget the days when I worked together with you.
判断改错
（错）This is the mountain village where I visited last year.
（错）I will never forget the days when I spent in the countryside.
（对）This is the mountain village（which）I visited last year.
（对）I'll never forget the days（which）I spent in the countryside.
习惯上总把表地点或时间的名词与关系副词 where，when联系在一起。此两题错在关系词的误用上。
方法二：准确判断先行词在定语从句中的成分（主、谓、宾、定、状），也能正确选择出关系代词/关系副词。
例1：Is this museum _____ you visited a few days age?
A. where B. that C. on which D. the one
例2：Is this the museum _____ the exhibition was held.
A. where B. that C. on which D. the one
答案：
例1 D；例
例1变为肯定句：
This museum is _____ you visited a few days ago.
例2变为肯定句：
This is the museum _____ the exhibition was held.
在句1中，所缺部分为宾语，而where, that, on which都不能起到宾语的作用，只有the one既做了主句的表语，又可做从句的宾语，可以省略关系代词，所以应选D。
而句2中，主、谓、宾俱全，从句部分为句子的状语表地点，既可用副词where，又因 in the museum 词组，可用介词in + which 引导地点状语。而此题中，介词on 用的不对，所以选A。
关系词的选择依据在从句中所做的成分，先行词在从句中做主、定、宾语时，选择关系代词（who, whom, that, which, whose）；先行词在从句中做状语时，应选择关系副词 （where 地点状语，when 时间状语，why 原因状语）。
（4）介词+关系词
① 介词后面的关系词不能省略。
② that前不能有介词。
③ 某些在从句中充当时间，地点或原因状语的“介词+关系词”结构可以同关系副词
when 和where 互换。
This is the house in which I lived two years ago.
This is the house where I lived two years ago.
Do you remember the day on which you joined our club?
Do you remember the day when you joined our club?
（7）关系代词that 的用法
① 不用that的情况
a. 在引导非限定性定语从句时。
The tree, which（不能用that）is four hundred years old, is very famous here.
b. 介词后不能用。
We depend on the land from which（不能用that） we get our food.
② 只能用that作为定语从句的关系代词的情况
a. 在不定代词，如：anything, nothing, the one, all, much, few, any, little等作先行词时，只用that，不用which。
b. 先行词有the only, the very , the last, the same 等修饰时修饰时，只用that。
c. 先行词为序数词、数词、形容词最高级时，只用that。
d. 先行词既有人，又有物时。
举例：
All that is needed is a supply of oil. 所需的只是供油问题。(a)
Finally, the thief handed everything that he had stolen to the police. (a)
那贼最终把偷的全部东西交给了警察。
1. This is the bag ________ my mother bought yesterday.
A. that B. who C. whom D. this
2. Is this the factory ________ a lot of students visited yesterday?
A. the one B. which C. who D. whom
3. Is this the shop ________ sells children’s clothing?
A. which B. where C. in which D. what
4. The hotel ________ during our holidays stands by the seaside.
A. we stayed at B. where we stayed at
C. we stayed D. in that we stayed
5. Please show me the book ________ you bought yesterday.
A. which B. whom C. whose D. this
6. The man ________ next to us is my English teacher.
A. whom live B. which live C. who lives D. /
7. The girl ________ an English song in the next room is Tom’s sister.
A. who is singing B. is singing C. sang D. was singing
8. I’ll never forget the years ______ I lived in the country with the farmers ______ has a great effect on my life.
A. that; which B. when; which C. which; that D. when; who
9. I’ll remember the time _____ we spent together in the country.
A. that B. when C. during which D. at which
10. I don’t believe the reason ______ he has given for his being late.
A. why B. that C. how D. what
11. Will you please show me the way to the only tall building _______ stands near the post office.
A. / B. in which C. that D. where
12. The last place _______ we visited was the Great Wall .
A. which B. that C. where D. it
13. He talked happily about the men and books ______ interested him greatly in the school.
A. which B. that C. who D. when
14. There is no dictionary _______you can find everything.
A. that B. which C. where D. in that
将下列两个简单句合并成带定语从句的复合句
1. The bridge has been rebuilt now. It was built in 1959.
____________________________________________________
2. She is going to the town. I do not know the town.
____________________________________________________
3. He did not attend the meeting. He told me the reason.
_____________________________________________________
4. The train started at 4:50 p.m. I missed it.
______________________________________________________
5. The medicine was quite helpful. Dr. Li gave him it.
_______________________________________________________
6. The nurse is very kind. She looks after my little brother.
_______________________________________________________
7. The play was very interesting. We saw it the night before.
_______________________________________________________
8. The plane was late. It was going to .
_______________________________________________________
9. The student studies very hard. Her father is a worker.
_______________________________________________________
10. He is the most careful boy. I know him.
_______________________________________________________
11. The necklace is worth more than five hundred dollars. Polly stole it.
_______________________________________________________
12. The man is in the next room. He brought us the letter yesterday.
_______________________________________________________
13. We met the woman at the gate. Do you know her ?
_______________________________________________________
14. Cheese is made from milk. It is liked by people in western countries.
_______________________________________________________
15. The lady is our English teacher. You saw her just now.
_______________________________________________________